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Now showing items 221-230 of 296
Understanding microRNA targeting with high-throughput biochemistry
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2021)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNAs that, in complex with Argonaute (AGO) proteins, guide repression of mRNA targets. miRNAs negatively regulate most mammalian mRNAs, and disruption of this regulation often results in severe ...
Genome organization in transcriptional regulation
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2021)
Transcriptional regulation of gene expression plays critical roles in the control of cell identity, development, and disease. Genome organization contributes to transcriptional regulation in multiple ways. At a fundamental ...
Defining the role of aneuploidy throughout tumorigenesis
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2021)
Aneuploidy is a state of genome imbalance which alters the copy number of whole chromosomes. While aneuploidy is rare in healthy tissues, it is one of the most common features of cancerous tumors. Studies of aneuploid yeast ...
A quantitative view of Y-chromosome gene expression across the human body
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020)
Human Y-chromosome genes have long been known to play pivotal roles in two biological processes--sex determination and spermatogenesis. Recent studies have uncovered evidence that Y-chromosome genes also perform important ...
Characterization of synaptotagmin 7 function in neurotransmission and its subcellular localization at synapses
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020)
Synaptic vesicle (SV) fusion is dependent on proteins that can sense Ca²⁺ and trigger fusion with the plasma membrane. Neurotransmitter release occurs during a rapid synchronized phase of SV fusion mediated by the Ca²⁺ ...
Genetic and molecular studies of cell-autonomous execution during programmed cell death in C. elegans
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016)
Apoptosis or programmed cell death was originally defined by evolutionarily conserved morphological characteristics that include shrinkage of cell volume and chromatin condensation. Apoptosis functions as a highly controlled ...
Investigation of the role of polyploidization in glial cells during the development of the drosophila nervous system
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018)
Organogenesis is a complex process encompassing cell determination, cell differentiation, cell proliferation, and cell size regulation. The proper orchestration of these events ensures that each organ is scaled correctly ...
Organizer regeneration and patterning of stem cell lineages in planarians
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017)
Planarians are freshwater flatworms capable of whole-body regeneration. Like development, regeneration requires the establishment of tissue patterns and the specification of appropriate cell types. However, regeneration ...
Pteropod shell condition, locomotion, and long-term population trends in the context of ocean acidification and environmental change
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017)
Thecosome pteropods are planktonic mollusks that form aragonite shells and that may experience increased dissolution and other adverse effects due to ocean acidification. This thesis focuses on assessing the possible ...
Development and application of a general method for somatic cell genetics
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017)
Genetic analysis, or genetic screening, is an efficient method for identifying the set of genes involved in a biological process. In microorganisms, powerful techniques enable systematic loss-of-function screens, which ...