Analysis of Steel Decarbonization Strategies and Supply Chain Integration

Abstract

Industrial decarbonization is an obstacle as the global community focuses on climate mitigation. Steel production is responsible for 7% of global emissions and faces unique challenges in reducing emissions in the ironmaking process. Models are developed to assess the emission and cost characteristics of current and emerging steel decarbonization strategies at a plant and sector level. Case studies are performed in India, the second-largest steel producer, and the United States, the fourth-largest steel producer, to highlight differences in strategies. In addition, a model of hydrogen-based steel production and a corresponding hydrogen network is created to assess supply chain needs. From this analysis, we can identify key cost and logistic barriers to technology implementation and the impact on the steel industry in respective locations. Finally, the future of the steel industry is assessed from a strategic standpoint while considering challenges to commercialization and policy mechanisms.