This is an archived course. A more recent version may be available at ocw.mit.edu.

 

Readings

The following books are required for this course. The table below contains reading assignments by session, from these and other sources.

Readings

Amazon logo Cracraft, James. Major Problems in the History of Imperial Russia. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath, 1993. ISBN: 9780669214970.

Amazon logo Gibian, George. The Portable Nineteenth-Century Russian Reader. New York, NY: Viking Penguin, 1993. ISBN: 9780140151039.

Amazon logo Gilbert, Martin. The Routledge Atlas of Russian History. New York, NY: Routledge, 2007. ISBN: 9780415394840.

Amazon logo Tolstoy, Leo. Hadji Murad. Translated by Aylmer Maude. Washington, DC: Orchises Press, 1996. ISBN: 9780914061533.

SES # TOPICS READINGS
1 Introduction to the course  
2 Introduction to the Russian Empire

Pipes, "The Environment and Its Consequences."
Trubetskoy, "The Legacy of Genghis Khan."
pp. 4-31 in Cracraft.

Bassin, Mark. "Russia Between Europe and Asia: The Ideological Construction of Geographical Space." Slavic Review 50 (1991): 1-17.

Gilbert, pp. 1, 14-16, 21, 25-26, 28, and 33.

3 The Muscovite heritage

Kollmann, "Muscovite Patrimonialism."
Hellie, "Enserfment." and "The Ulozhenie of 1649."
pp. 36-46 and 57-67 in Cracraft.

Khodarkovsky, Michael. "'Ignoble Savages and Unfaithful Subjects': Constructing Non-Christian Identities in Early Modern Russia."
Slezkine, Yuri. "Naturalists versus Nations: Eighteenth Century Russian Scholars Confront Ethnic Diversity."
pp. 9-22, 27-50 in Amazon logo Browder, Daniel, and Edward Lazzerini. Russia's Orient. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1997. ISBN: 9780253211132.

Gilbert, p. 32.

4 Peter the Great and the Petrine Reforms

Anisimov, "Peter I." and "Petrine Reform Legislation."
pp. 81-99, 110-125 in Cracraft.

Gilbert, pp. 34-38.

Pushkin. "The Bronze Horseman." (1833).
pp. 8-21 in Gibian.

5 The Age of Elizabeth and Catherine II

Anisimov, "Empire of the Nobility."
Peter III, Manifesto (1762).
de Madariaga, "Catherine as Woman and Ruler."
Catherine's Instruction (1767) and Charter to the Nobility (1785).
pp. 127-46, 150-53, 166-79, and 197-212 in Cracraft.

Gilbert, pp. 41-43.

6 Critics and rebels in the 18th century

Shcherbatov Laments Corruption (1787).
Raeff, "Pugachev Rebellion."
Radishchev, Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow (1790).
pp. 153-65, 179-197, and 212-20 in Cracraft.

7 Bureaucratic monarchy, 1796-1855

Raeff on Constitutionalism of AI.
Riasanovsky on Nicholas I.
pp. 255-82 in Cracraft.

"Reactionary and Repressive Policies of Nicholas I."
"Chaadaev's comments on Russian History and Culture."
"Belinsky's letter to Gogol."
"Herzen's commentary on the Russian scene, 1849-1855."
Aksakov, K. S. "Free Word."
pp. 234-245, 252-260, 271-285 in Amazon logo Dmytryshyn, Basil. Imperial Russia: A Source Book. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers, 1990. ISBN: 9780030334191.

"The Hand that Feeds Them." The Economist, August 9, 2008.

Gilbert, pp. 49-53.

8 First paper due  
9 Bureaucracy in literature

Gogol, "The Overcoat." (1842)
pp. 199-232 in Gibian.

10 The institution of serfdom

Amazon logo Kolchin, Peter. Unfree Labor. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 1990. ISBN: 9780674920989.
pp. 1-10, 22-23, 26-31, 35-46, 49-65 (bottom), 68-78, 92-95, 98-102, 117-22, 122-24, 157-63, 165-67, and 169-72 (top)

Gilbert, pp. 57-58.

11 Serfdom in literature

Aksakov, Sergei. "Kurolesov" (1856)
Goncharov, "Oblomov's Dream." (1849)
pp. 241-73, and 293-333 in Gibian.

12 Alexander II and the Great Reforms

Amazon logo Freeze, Gregory. "Reform and Counter Reform, 1855-1890." pp. 170-99 in Russia: A History. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2002. ISBN: 9780198605119.

Wcislo, "Dilemmas of Emancipation."
Wortman, "Rule of Law."
Herzen on Hidden Russia. (1851)
Official Manifesto Emancipating the Serfs (1861)
pp. 314-44 in Cracraft.

13 The aftermath of the Reforms

MacKenzie-Wallace on mir and zemstvo. (1877)
pp. 344-58 in Cracraft.

Amazon logo Freeze, Gregory. From Supplication to Revolution: A Documentary Social History of Imperial Russia. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1988, pp. 101-113, 140-151, and 170-85. ISBN: 9780195043594.

Saltykov-Shchedrin, "The Story of How One Peasant Maintained Two Generals." (1869)
pp. 608-15 in Gibian.

14 Second paper due  
15 Reaction and counter-revolution

Pipes, "Towards the Police State."
Pearson, "The Failure of Reform."
Vera Figner (1881)
Manifesto of Alexander III (1881)
Pobedonostsev, "Reflections." (1896)
pp. 360-97 in Cracraft.

"The Catechism of a Revolutionary."
"Demands of Narodnaia Volia."
pp. 350-59 in Amazon logo Dmytryshyn, Basil. Imperial Russia: A Source Book. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers, 1990. ISBN: 9780030334191.

Gilbert, pp. 54-55.

16 War and peace in the Caucasus Tolstoy, Leo. Hadji Murad. (1905)
17 Exploration and empire-building

Kappeler, "Multi-Ethnic Empire."
Thaden, "Russification."
Gorchakov Circular (1864)
Urusov on Russian Antisemitism (1907)
pp. 398-411, 420-37 in Cracraft.

Gilbert, pp. 59-67, 69-70.

18 Industrialization and radicalization

Kahan, "The Government's Role."
Gurko on Witte. (1920s)
Pavlov on Life in a Textile Mill. (1901)
Kanatchikov, "Peasant-Worker-Activist." (1929-1934)
pp. 441-53, 468-89, and 528-48 in Cracraft.

Gilbert, pp. 56, 68, and 71-74.

19 The Russo-Japanese War

Amazon logo Lincoln, Bruce. "A Small Victorious War." In In War's Dark Shadow: The Russians Before the Great War. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1994, pp. 227-71 ISBN: 9780195089530.

Gilbert, pp. 66-67.

The Russo-Japanese War: "Popular Prints."

20 The Revolution of 1905

Amazon logo Figes, Orlando. A People's Tragedy. New York, NY: Penguin, 1998, pp. 157-92. ISBN: 9780140243642.

The October Manifesto (1905)
Father Gapon (1905)
Lenin (1905)
Breshkovskaia (1920)
pp. 550-51, 593-96, and 600-11 in Cracraft.

Gilbert, pp. 75-77.

21 The constitutional monarchy and World War I

Amazon logo Steinberg, Mark, and Vladimir M. Khrustalev. "Nicholas and Alexandra, An Intellectual Portrait." In Fall of the Romanovs. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1997, pp. 1-37. ISBN: 9780300070675.

Schapiro on Stolypin.
pp. 613-19 in Cracraft.

Amazon logo Acton, Edward, Lieven, Dominic, et al. "Russia, Europe and World War I." In Critical Companion to the Russian Revolution. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2009, pp. 37-47. ISBN: 9780340763650.

Amazon logo Dmytryshyn, Basil. "Durnovo's Memorandum." In Imperial Russia: A Source Book. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers, 1990, pp. 491-509. ISBN: 9780030334191.

Gilbert, pp. 78-83.

22 The February Revolution

Amazon logo Acton, Edward and Tsuyoshi, Hasegawa. "The February Revolution." In Critical Companion to the Russian Revolution. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2009, pp. 48-61. ISBN: 9780340763650.

Amazon logo Dmytryshyn, Basil. "Abdication of Nicholas II and Grand Duke Michael." Imperial Russia: A Source Book. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers, 1990, pp. 524-25. ISBN: 9780030334191.

Amazon logo Suny, Ronald. The Structure of Soviet History. "Order No. 1," and related documents. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2002, pp. 32-36. ISBN: 9780195137040.

Gilbert, pp. 84, 86.

23 From February to October

Wildman, Allan. "The Breakdown of the Imperial Army in 1917."
Kolonitskii, Boris. "Kerensky."
pp. 69-79, 138-48 in Amazon logo Acton, Edward, et al. Critical Companion to the Russian Revolution. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2009. ISBN: 9780340763650.

Gilbert, pp. 87-89.

Lenin, "April Theses."
Amazon logo Suny, Ronald. "Tsereteli and Lenin Exchange Words (June 1917)." In The Structure of Soviet History. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2002, pp. 38-43. ISBN: 9780195137040.

24 The October Revolution

Amazon logo Acton, Edward, Alexander Rabinowitch, et al. "The October Revolution." In Critical Companion to the Russian Revolution. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2009, pp. 81-91. ISBN: 9780340763650.

Amazon logo Suny, Ronald and Lenin. "Letter to the Central Committee." In The Structure of Soviet History. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2002, pp. 45-47. ISBN: 9780195137040.

Gilbert, pp. 90-91.

25 Review