https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/55583 2026-04-04T20:45:41Z 2026-04-04T20:45:41Z Datta, Shoumen https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111021 2025-02-28T18:28:21Z 2017-08-26T00:00:00Z

Digital Transformation - IoT is a Metaphor Datta, Shoumen Digital Economics is approaching and the "new economy" will need new rules, new changes and new thinking. Digital Transformation is a step toward Digital Economy. In this article, we haven't even scratched the surface of the imminent digital tsunami. Infrastructure and innovation must converge with tools and technologies, where systems must connect and communicate to meet the customer at the point of consumption. This will be an immense change which will turn paradoxes to paradigms. Please scroll down to download the pdf "IoT is a Metaphor" Digital Transformation is a convergence of multiple tools, technologies and ideas. A few of these elements are discussed in "IoT is a Metaphor" (PDF).

2017-08-26T00:00:00Z Datta, Shoumen https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107893 2025-02-28T18:29:45Z 2017-04-06T00:00:00Z

Healthcare and Medical IoT Datta, Shoumen Detection of analytes in the context of nano-diagnostics for preventive medicine and global public health may be within our grasp. But, it appears to be far removed from the reality of the world where 80% of the people live (non-OECD nations). The 80% of the world, however, cannot ignore other afflictions, for example, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular malfunctions and pulmonary diseases, to name a few. Which means, in the biomedical domain, the rest of the world must find ways to use therapeutic advances, for example, human induced adult pluripotent stem cells, plant based bio-pharmaceuticals, traditional biologics (monoclonal antibody producing autologous cells), metabolomic sensor networks (in vivo wireless communication networks monitoring analytes and transmitting data from inside the body), molecular robotics (ingested micro-machines removing intestinal polyps) and nano-machines for targeted apoptosis, precision cell death and time-sensitive drug delivery. 11 million children die each year from preventable causes. 70% of the deaths are due to 6 well documented diseases/causes. The mortality is concentrated in 10 countries. We have the tools and technologies to address this problem.

2017-04-06T00:00:00Z Siegel, Joshua Eric https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104456 2022-01-13T07:54:05Z 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z

Data proxies, the cognitive layer, and application locality : enablers of cloud-connected vehicles and next-generation internet of things Siegel, Joshua Eric Intelligent and Connected Vehicles reduce cost, improve safety, and enhance comfort relative to isolated vehicles. This ability for cars to sense, infer, and act facilitates data-driven improvements in occupant experience and vehicle design. This thesis explores informed individual vehicle improvements and proposes a secure and efficient architecture supporting connected vehicle applications. Applying On-Board Diagnostic and smartphone data, I built a suite of prognostic applications. Engine coolant temperature data supports inference of oil viscosity and remaining life. A linear SVM using Fourier, Wavelet, and Mel Cepstrum audio features provides 99% accurate engine misfire detection. PCA-transformed Fourier acceleration features and GPS data inform decision trees attaining 91% wheel imbalance and 80% tire pressure and tread depth classification accuracy. These applications demonstrate the ability for local vehicle and peripheral device data to proactively improve individual vehicle reliability and performance. Connectivity facilitates crowdsourced data to further improve current vehicles and future designs. Exploring vehicular connectivity, I consider data timeliness, availability and bandwidth cost in the context of an efficiency-improving idle time predictor. This predictor uses contextual information to eliminate short idle shutoffs in Automatic Engine Start/Stop systems, minimizing driver annoyance and improving compliance. These applications reveal an opportunity to address excess resource consumption and system insecurity in Connected Vehicles and other constrained devices. I introduce a secure and efficient model-based Internet of Things (IoT) architecture consisting of a "Data Proxy" utilizing a Cloud-run estimator to mirror an object with limited sensor input. The use of digital duplicates abstracts physical from digital objects, allowing the use of a mediating "Cognitive Layer" consisting of firewall and supervisory elements. These "Cognitive" elements apply the system model to monitor system evolution and simulate the impact of commands against known and learned limits. Finally, I propose incorporating this architecture into the CloudThink digital object duplication platform. Proxies maximize data collected per unit cost, while the firewall and supervisory elements will allow increased actuator access and to support generalized Cloud-based prognostics. I discuss how CloudThink's data ownership policies and privacy visualization tools combine with this architecture to address consumer privacy and security concerns, improving consumer acceptance of Connected Vehicles. Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2016.; This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.; Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.; Includes bibliographical references (pages 247-270).

2016-01-01T00:00:00Z Wang, Junyu Floerkemeier, Christian Sarma, Sanjay Emani https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103797 2022-09-29T17:34:15Z 2014-08-01T00:00:00Z

Session-based security enhancement of RFID systems for emerging open-loop applications Wang, Junyu; Floerkemeier, Christian; Sarma, Sanjay Emani Radio frequency identification (RFID) is an important technique used for automatic identification and data capture. In recent years, low-cost RFID tags have been used in many open-loop applications beyond supply chain management, such as the tagging of the medicine, clothes, and belongings after the point of sales. At the same time, with the development of semiconductor industry, handheld terminals and mobile phones are becoming RFID-enabled. Unauthorized mobile RFID readers could be abused by the malicious hackers or curious common people. Even for authorized RFID readers, the ownership of the reader can be transferred and the owners of the authorized mobile reader may not be always reliable. The authorization and authentication of the mobile RFID readers need to take stronger security measures to address the privacy or security issues that may arise in the emerging open-loop applications. In this paper, the security demands of RFID tags in emerging open-loop applications are summarized, and two example protocols for authorization, authentication and key establishment based on symmetric cryptography are presented. The proposed protocols adopt a timed-session-based authorization scheme, and all reader-to-tag operations are authorized by a trusted third party using a newly defined class of timed sessions. The output of the tags is randomized to prevent unauthorized tracking of the RFID tags. An instance of the protocol A is implemented in 0.13-μm CMOS technology, and the functions are verified by field programmable gate array. The baseband consumes 44.0 μW under 1.08 V voltage and 1.92 MHz frequency, and it has 25,067 gate equivalents. The proposed protocols can successfully resist most security threats toward open-loop RFID systems except physical attacks. The timing and scalability of the two protocols are discussed in detail.

2014-08-01T00:00:00Z Datta, Shoumen Palit Austin Granger, Clive W. J. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/102799 2019-04-12T16:24:18Z 2016-07-01T00:00:00Z

Advances in Supply Chain Management: Potential to Improve Forecasting Accuracy Datta, Shoumen Palit Austin; Granger, Clive W. J. Forecasting is a necessity almost in any operation. However, the tools of forecasting are still primitive in view of the great strides made by research and the increasing abundance of data made possible by automatic identification technologies, such as, radio frequency identification (RFID). The relationship of various parameters that may change and impact decisions are so abundant that any credible attempt to drive meaningful associations are in demand to deliver the value from acquired data. This paper proposes some modifications to adapt an advanced forecasting technique (GARCH) with the aim to develop it as a decision support tool applicable to a wide variety of operations including supply chain management. We have made an attempt to coalesce a few different ideas toward a “solutions” approach aimed to model volatility and in the process, perhaps, better manage risk. It is possible that industry, governments, corporations, businesses, security organizations, consulting firms and academics with deep knowledge in one or more fields, may spend the next few decades striving to synthesize one or more models of effective modus operandi to combine these ideas with other emerging concepts, tools, technologies and standards to collectively better understand, analyze and respond to uncertainty. However, the inclination to reject deep rooted ideas based on inconclusive results from pilot projects is a detrimental trend and begs to ask the question whether one can aspire to build an elephant using mouse as a model.

2016-07-01T00:00:00Z Kalansuriya, Prasanna Bhattacharyya, Rahul Sarma, Sanjay E https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/97705 2022-10-01T21:14:13Z 2014-06-01T00:00:00Z

A novel communication method for semi-passive RFID based sensors Kalansuriya, Prasanna; Bhattacharyya, Rahul; Sarma, Sanjay E This paper presents a novel communication method for semi-passive RFID based sensors. The new method uses a digitally reconfigurable UHF RFID tag antenna to modulate sensed information at an RFID tag on to the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) response perceived at an RFID reader. This technique is completely compatible with the existing class 1 generation 2 UHF air interface protocol thereby enabling the use of existing RFID reader infrastructure to decode the additional sensed information. The effect of read distance, environment and bit duration on the performance of the communication method is examined through measurements obtained from a prototype. Through experimental verification, it is demonstrated that error free transmission of sensor information can be achieved up to 3.5 meters in different environments with a bit duration of 500 ms. Prospective future research directions are also discussed.

2014-06-01T00:00:00Z Platt, Edward L. Bhargava, Rahul Zuckerman, Ethan https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/96416 2022-10-03T09:40:29Z 2015-05-01T00:00:00Z

The International Affiliation Network of YouTube Trends Platt, Edward L.; Bhargava, Rahul; Zuckerman, Ethan Online video, a ubiquitous, visual, and highly shareable medium, is well-suited to crossing geographic, cultural, and linguistic barriers. Trending videos in particular, by virtue of reaching a large number of viewers in a short span of time, are powerful as both influencers and indicators of international communication flows. In this work, we study a large set of videos trending across 57 nations, collected from YouTube over a 7-month period. We consider the set as a network of content flowing between nations, then develop conditional co-affiliation, a nation-nation co-affiliation index that enables a meaningful interpretation of network path length and the application of betweenness centrality. We observe a highly-interlinked network with remarkably similar co-affiliation levels between very different nations. However, Arabic-speaking nations appear more isolated, with the U.A.E. emerging as a key bridge. By analyzing video trend lifespans, we show that nations having many globally-popular video trends are reliably not the nation where those trends are strongest: we see no evidence to support the widely discussed idea of cultural exporter or trendsetter nations. We model correlations between co-affiliation and a selection of contextual factors. We note a surprisingly complex interaction between migration and shared video trends. Consistent with existing work on video popularity, we find that long trending times within one nation do not necessarily translate to reaching a wide global audience. This work expands on previous studies of the geographic popularity of videos by incorporating trending data and extending our analysis from video-nation affiliations to nation-nation co-affiliations. Characterizing these relationships is key to understanding the international cultural impact and potential of online video.

2015-05-01T00:00:00Z Siegel, Joshua Eric https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/92230 2022-01-13T07:54:05Z 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

CloudThink and the Avacar : embedded design to create virtual vehicles for cloud-based informatics, telematics, and infotainment Siegel, Joshua Eric This paper describes the development and testing results for a system of Cloudbased mirrors for physical vehicles called "Avacars." Avacars duplicate parameters from On-Board Diagnostics, accelerometers, and GPS sensors installed in a vehicle as part of the MIT CloudThink set of standards. These Avacars may then be used as input and output for a diverse set of applications. Avacars are created by a custom-designed portable cellphone used to instrument a vehicle without user intervention and stored to a secure and private server. The first section of the document details the background for the Avacar project. It describes available technology and current unmet needs, and presents the solution of an open-standard based application platform for improving access to vehicle diagnostic data and creating new opportunities to build applications. The second section explains the need for an open platform in the context of end-user and developer feedback along with canonical application examples including vehicle-miles-traveled (VMT) monitoring and generation of fuel metrics to validate programs similar to the United States Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards. This section also explores the value of open and interoperable data as well as transparency in hardware design. Section three describes the implemented hardware and novel features facilitated by the hardware, including power saving and location-aware application development. This section includes an analysis of the problems faced in the design and deployment process, as well as steps the author might have taken to address these issues prior to their manifestation. Section four discusses the results of the hardware and platform in testing, and includes visualizations of data collected with the CloudThink platform. The author found that the hardware and platform were capable of addressing the needs of both VMT and fuel economy monitoring applications, though further testing is necessary to validate the results. The author also successfully utilized the platform to extend applications to incorporate non-OBD vehicle sensors and actuators. This allows for the creation of large datasets while providing value to users who chose to test the system, in the form of car applications that repackage information into digestible formats or adding features otherwise not typically available, e.g. unlocking from a cell phone. The paper closes by exploring future use opportunities for the CloudThink platform in monitoring non-automotive sensor enabled devices. Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2013.; Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.; Includes bibliographical references (pages 109-111).

2013-01-01T00:00:00Z Guinard, Dominique Floerkemeier, Christian Sarma, Sanjay Emani https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87673 2022-09-23T14:39:52Z 2011-06-01T00:00:00Z

Cloud Computing, REST and Mashups to Simplify RFID Application Development and Deployment Guinard, Dominique; Floerkemeier, Christian; Sarma, Sanjay Emani While of increasing importance for the real-time enterprise, deployments of Internet of Things infrastructures such as RFID remain complex and expensive. In this paper, we illustrate these challenges by studying the applications of the EPC Network which is an RFID standards framework that aims to facilitate interoperability and application development. We show how the use of blueprints that were successful on the Web can help to make the adoption of these standards less complex. We discuss in particular how Cloud Computing, RESTful interfaces, Real-time Web (Websockets and Comet) and Web 2.0 Mashups can simplify application development, deployments and maintenance in a common RFID application. Our analysis also illustrates that RFID/EPC Network applications are an excellent play- ground for Web of Things technologies and that further re- search in this eld can signi cantly contribute to making real-world applications less complex and cost-intensive.

2011-06-01T00:00:00Z Deshpande, Ajay A. Sarma, Sanjay Emani Kumar, Sumeet, Ph. D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87672 2022-09-28T15:40:29Z 2012-06-01T00:00:00Z

Stable arrangements of mobile sensors for sampling physical fields Deshpande, Ajay A.; Sarma, Sanjay Emani; Kumar, Sumeet, Ph. D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Today's wireless sensor nodes can be easily attached to mobile platforms such as robots, cars and cell phones enabling pervasive sensing of physical fields (say of temperature, vibrations, air quality and chemicals). We address the sensor arrangement problem, i.e. when and where sensors should take samples to obtain a good estimate of a field using mobile sensors. In particular, we focus on incidentally mobile sensors that move passively under the influence of the environment (e.g. sensors attached to floating buoys, cars and smartphones carried by humans). We model the field as a linear combination of known basis functions. Given the samples, we use a linear estimator to find unknown coefficients of the basis functions. We formulate the sensor arrangement problem as one of finding suitably characterized classes of sensor arrangements that lead to a stable reconstruction of the field. We consider a family of multidimensional δ-dense sensor arrangements, where any square disc of size δ contains at least one sample, and derive sufficiency conditions for the arrangement to be stable. δ-dense sensor arrangements are geometrically intuitive and are easily compatible with the incidental mobility of sensors in many situations. We present simulation results on the stability of such arrangements for two-dimensional basis functions. We also present an example for constructing basis functions through proper orthogonal decompositions for a one-dimensional chemical diffusion field in a heterogeneous medium, which are later used for field estimation through δ-dense sampling.

2012-06-01T00:00:00Z Ehrenberg, Isaac Mayer Sarma, Sanjay Emani Wu, Bae-Ian https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87638 2022-09-30T14:02:42Z 2012-10-01T00:00:00Z

A three-dimensional self-supporting low loss microwave lens with a negative refractive index Ehrenberg, Isaac Mayer; Sarma, Sanjay Emani; Wu, Bae-Ian Demonstrations of focusing with metamaterial lenses have predominantly featured two dimensional structures or stacks of planar elements, both limited by losses which hinder realized gain near the focal region. In this study, we present a plano-concave lens built from a 3D self-supporting metamaterial structure featuring a negative refractive index between 10 and 12 GHz. Fabricated using macroscopic layered prototyping, the lens curvature, negative index and low loss contribute to a recognizable focus and free space gains above 13 dB.

2012-10-01T00:00:00Z Pardal, Miguel L. Harrison, Mark Sarma, Sanjay Emani Marques, Jose Alves https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87637 2024-06-26T00:37:33Z 2012-11-01T00:00:00Z

Performance assessment of XACML authorizations for Supply Chain Traceability Web Services Pardal, Miguel L.; Harrison, Mark; Sarma, Sanjay Emani; Marques, Jose Alves Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Web Services (WS) offer advanced flexibility and interoperability capabilities. However they imply significant performance overheads that need to be carefully considered. Supply Chain Management (SCM) and Traceability systems are an interesting domain for the use of WS technologies that are usually deemed to be too complex and unnecessary in practical applications, especially regarding security. This paper presents an externalized security architecture that uses the eXtensible Access Control Markup Language (XACML) authorization standard to enforce visibility restrictions on trace-ability data in a supply chain where multiple companies collaborate; the performance overheads are assessed by comparing `raw' authorization implementations - Access Control Lists, Tokens, and RDF Assertions - with their XACML-equivalents.

2012-11-01T00:00:00Z Datta, Shoumen https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/86935 2025-02-28T18:29:45Z 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z

Internet of Systems (IoS) - Economic Re-equilibration Catalyzed by Internet of Things (IoT) Datta, Shoumen How will the tapestry of humanity and the ethos of civilization evolve when billions of devices and trillions of sensors with quadrillion end points can connect events in our daily lives to the world around us and monitor our every heart beat or predict the next tsunami? Do you know the answer to this question: How will the tapestry of humanity and the ethos of civilization evolve when billions of devices and trillions of sensors with quadrillion end points can connect events in our daily lives to the world around us and monitor our every heart beat or predict the next tsunami?

2014-01-01T00:00:00Z Bhattacharyya, Rahul Floerkemeier, Christian Sarma, Sanjay E https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80269 2022-10-01T18:49:53Z 2010-04-01T00:00:00Z

RFID tag antenna based sensing: Does your beverage glass need a refill? Bhattacharyya, Rahul; Floerkemeier, Christian; Sarma, Sanjay E Liquid level detection in customer beverage glasses and liquor bottles in the service industry is important for maintaining quality of service and good approval ratings. Current sensing approaches rely either on visual inspection or expensive sensor electronics to detect liquid levels. In this study, we investigate how the paradigm of RFID tag antenna based sensing can be used as a low-cost alternative in the service industry, to detect the volume of liquid in a beverage glass by mapping a change in RSSI power measurements from RFID tags to the level of liquid in the glass. We demonstrate that this sensing technique when deployed in a real restaurant-like setting can be used to accurately predict the state of the glass over 80% of the time, and thus has good potential as a low-cost sensing methodology for applications in the restaurant industry.

2010-04-01T00:00:00Z Pardal, Miguel L. Harrison, Mark Marques, Jose Alves Sarma, Sanjay Emani https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79678 2022-09-27T14:40:20Z 2012-11-01T00:00:00Z

Enforcing RFID data visibility restrictions using XACML security policies Pardal, Miguel L.; Harrison, Mark; Marques, Jose Alves; Sarma, Sanjay Emani Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology allows automatic data capture from tagged objects moving in a supply chain. This data can be very useful if it is used to answer traceability queries, however it is distributed across many different repositories, owned by different companies. Discovery Services (DS) are designed to assist in retrieving the RFID data relevant for traceability queries while enforcing sharing policies that are defined and required by participating companies to prevent sensitive data from being exposed. In this paper we define an interface for Supply Chain Authorization (SC-Az) and describe the implementation of two visibility restriction mechanisms based on Access Control Lists (ACLs) and Capabilities. Both approaches were converted to the standard eXtensible Access Control Markup Language (XACML) and their correctness and performance was evaluated for supply chains with increasing size.

2012-11-01T00:00:00Z Bhattacharyya, Rahul Floerkemeier, Christian Sarma, Sanjay E https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79677 2022-10-01T11:47:16Z 2010-04-01T00:00:00Z

RFID tag antenna based temperature sensing Bhattacharyya, Rahul; Floerkemeier, Christian; Sarma, Sanjay E Temperature monitoring is important in a number of fields, particularly cold supply chain applications. Most commercial wireless temperature sensors consist of transceivers, memory and batteries to maintain a temperature time history but this is expensive and allows for limited sensor deployment. In this paper, we propose a low cost temperature sensor based on the paradigm of passive RFID tag antenna based sensing. A simple mechanical method to permanently induce changes in RFID tag power characteristics upon exposure to temperatures greater than a threshold is presented. Critical temperature threshold violations can then be detected by monitoring received backscatter signal strength at a reader. The feasibility of the proposed hypothesis is examined via theoretical and experimental means. It will be shown that this sensing paradigm has the potential to greatly increase the pervasiveness of temperature sensing nodes and improve supply chain visibility and performance.

2010-04-01T00:00:00Z Hacker, Patrick A. Floerkemeier, Christian Sarma, Sanjay Emani Schuh, Gunther https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79434 2022-09-26T09:31:12Z 2010-04-01T00:00:00Z

RFID diagnostics of promotion execution Hacker, Patrick A.; Floerkemeier, Christian; Sarma, Sanjay Emani; Schuh, Gunther Previous studies have shown that many consumer goods manufacturers believe that their promotions are not well executed in retail stores. One common concern is that in-store promotions are not synchronized with television and online advertising campaigns. In recent years, RFID has been actively promoted as a tool to improve in-store promotion execution. This paper presents the results of a study in which promotional displays were tagged with RFID tags and tracked as they moved from a retail distribution center to a number of different retail stores. The analysis shows that only 28% of all displays are placed on the shop floor within +/-3 days of the official promotion launch. Our analysis suggests that by adjusting the timing of the delivery to the store the performance could be improved such that 87% of all displays are present on the shop floor within this time frame. The results confirm that RFID is a useful diagnostics tool to measure promotion execution performance and to identify business process shortcomings. The results also suggest that a continuous measurement via RFID is not required to improve performance.

2010-04-01T00:00:00Z Bhattacharyya, Rahul Floerkemeier, Christian Anand, Lallit Di Leo, Claudio V Sarma, Sanjay E https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76686 2022-09-28T17:48:00Z 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z

RFID tag antenna based temperature sensing using shape memory polymer actuation Bhattacharyya, Rahul; Floerkemeier, Christian; Anand, Lallit; Di Leo, Claudio V; Sarma, Sanjay E Ubiquitous temperature monitoring is important to boost visibility in applications such as cold supply chain management. Current sensors monitor and log a time history of temperature data, but their cost limits the scale of deployment. In this paper, we propose an ultra-low cost temperature threshold sensor using the UHF RFID tag antenna as a sensing mechanism. Permanent changes are induced in the tag antenna electrical properties upon violation of a temperature threshold. This manifests itself in a change in backscatter power detected at the reader. We demonstrate how these changes are effected via shape memory polymer actuation. Experiments demonstrate that cheap, reliable temperature threshold sensors can be developed which are independent of the material of deployment, orientation of the sensor, which have a read range of over 3 m and which have a customizable critical temperature threshold.

2011-01-01T00:00:00Z Bhattacharyya, Rahul https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73791 2022-01-13T07:54:23Z 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z

Low-Cost, Passive UHF RFID Tag Antenna-Based Sensors for Pervasive Sensing Applications Bhattacharyya, Rahul In the future, large-scale sensor deployment would enable many areas such as infrastructure condition monitoring and supply chain management. However, many of today's wireless sensor technologies are still too expensive to meet this need. Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) offers good potential for the development of pervasive sensors: RFID tags have a proven track record of large-scale, highly integrated deployment for object identification in the retail and consumer goods industry. Furthermore, the last decade has seen much progress in making RFID a reliable, standardized wireless communication medium with the ability to mass produce low-cost RFID tags. My thesis introduces the concept of RFID Tag Antenna-Based Sensing (RFID TABS). In this approach, a change in the sensed parameter of interest induces a controlled change in the geometry or boundary conditions of an RFID tag's antenna. The resultant change in the tag's response signal can then be detected by an RFID reader. My approach builds upon current developments in RFID technology. For instance, the manufacturing techniques for the mass production of low-cost RFID tags can be used for pervasive tag-sensor development. My thesis examines TABS in a two-pronged approach: First, I demonstrate how three fundamental tag and reader signal properties can be used for sensing and propose three classes of TABS: -- Amplitude Modifying (AM) TABS use RFID reader transmitted power and tag response power for sensing. I illustrate proof of concept using a displacement sensor. I demonstrate that both these power metrics can be used to reliably measure structural displacement to a precision of 2.5 mm using commercial RFID tags. -- Frequency Modifying (FM) TABS relate changes in the sensed parameter to a shift in the tag's optimal operating frequency - the carrier frequency for which the tag is best tuned to respond to the reader. I demonstrate proof of concept using a temperature threshold sensor - the crossing of a design temperature threshold results in a shift in the sensor's optimal operating frequency. I demonstrate that the sensor works reliably over a 3 m read range and in different environmental conditions. -- Phase Modifying (PM) TABS use tag backscatter phase for sensing. I provide a brief summary of the factors influencing RF phase and outline the design for a PM TABS fluid level sensor that uses RFID tag response phase to detect the presence or absence of fluid in a beverage glass. I highlight the challenges in the practical implementation of this approach by demonstrating the sensitivity of RFID tag phase to three extraneous factors. Second, I introduce the concept of Non-Electric Memory to record short timescale threshold crossovers in the sensed parameter that may occur when the tag-sensor is unpowered. When information about, rather than the exact time of, the threshold occurrence is sufficient, non-electric memory provides a solution. I demonstrate how non-electric memory can be integrated into sensor design at minimal added cost. In the proof of concept of a temperature threshold sensor, I design a thermally actuated shape memory polymer switch to permanently change the electrical properties of an RFID tag when the temperature threshold is crossed. I demonstrate that the design works reliably over a read range of 3 m and is independent of the material on which the sensor is deployed. In summary, this thesis demonstrates how an RFID tag can be adapted for low cost, pervasive sensing. Sensor prototypes illustrate proof of concept in three application areas. Extensions to two other applications are also discussed. Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2012.; Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 161-170).

2012-01-01T00:00:00Z Goyal, Vivek K. Deshpande, Ajay A. Sarma, Sanjay E https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69954 2022-10-01T02:52:48Z 2010-02-01T00:00:00Z

Generalized Regular Sampling of Trigonometric Polynomials and Optimal Sensor Arrangement Goyal, Vivek K.; Deshpande, Ajay A.; Sarma, Sanjay E We address the optimal sensor arrangement problem, which is the determination of a geometric configuration of sensors such that the mean-squared error (MSE) in the estimation of an unknown trigonometric polynomial is minimum. Unsurprisingly, an arrangement in which sensors are spaced uniformly in each dimension is optimal. However, for multidimensional problems the minimum MSE is achieved with a much larger class of configurations that we call generalized regular arrangements. These arrangements are not necessarily generated by lattices and may exhibit great nonuniformity locally.

2010-02-01T00:00:00Z Siegel, Joshua Eric https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68698 2022-01-13T07:54:36Z 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z

Design, development, and validation of a remotely reconfigurable vehicle telemetry system for consumer and government applications Siegel, Joshua Eric This thesis explores the design and development of a cost-effective, easy-to-use system for remotely monitoring vehicle performance and drivers' habits, with the aim of collecting data for vehicle characterization and traffic shaping. Vehicular congestion and concerns over fuel reserves, pollution, and carbon emissions have recently emerged as prominent sociopolitical concerns. These problems are formidable, but could be addressed more fruitfully with better information about vehicles and drivers habits, leading to policies such as vehicle-specific congestion charging or an odometer-based road tax. Despite the proliferation of sensors in cars, data is often hidden due to the antiquated nature of the federally-required On-Board Diagnostics (OBD). Systems to log and process such data exist, but no well known reconfigurable systems augment OBD with additional sensor data and transmit it over a cellular network. This thesis proposes a system wherein vehicles become distributed sensors, each transmitting a rich supply of information. The standardization of OBD and decreasing cost of bandwidth make now an opportune time to develop a real-time logging system. Inexpensive processors make it possible to provide privacy through onboard calculation, obfuscating much personally-identifiable data. This document discusses the planning process, experimental configurations of hardware and software, results, and conclusions associated with the development of a cellular diagnostic system capable of supporting an "app" model for information feedback. I present a Bluetooth-OBD logger, a cellular logger, and a web interface capable of representing live and historical data from vehicles, including example applications for calculating congestion pricing. This project proves the feasibility of capturing data using a remotely reconfigurable controller area network (CAN) to general packet radio service (GPRS) interpreter, visualizing the information in real-time, and writing applications to make use of the incoming data. The hardware and software were proven successful in meeting the goals set for the project. The hardware proved robust, gathering data without issue for hundreds of miles. The sample data demonstrated low bandwidth use, identified network weaknesses, and pointed out issues with the currently-legislated OBD standard. This thesis closes by exploring future possibilities suggested by the development of this system, including wireless odometry and next-generation OBD. Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2011.; This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.; Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-68).

2011-01-01T00:00:00Z Bhattacharyya, Rahul Floerkemeier, Christian Sarma, Sanjay E https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65654 2022-10-03T07:27:19Z 2010-09-01T00:00:00Z

Low-Cost, Ubiquitous RFID-Tag-Antenna-Based Sensing Bhattacharyya, Rahul; Floerkemeier, Christian; Sarma, Sanjay E Radio-frequency identification (RFID) has been well established as an effective technology for track and trace applications. In this paper, we go beyond the ID in RFID, and discuss the potential for RFID tags to be used as low-cost sensors by mapping a change in some physical parameter of interest to a controlled change in RFID tag antenna electrical properties. We will also show that it is possible to design the tag antenna to suffer a permanent change in case of violation of a critical threshold in the parameter of interest thereby creating a low-cost threshold sensing mechanism. This can be achieved by inducing controlled changes to the tag antenna geometry parameters or to the antenna boundary conditions, in effect creating a nonelectric memory to monitor state. After identifying the application space for which this class of sensing is well suited, we present details into the design and testing of three different kinds of sensors based on this sensing paradigm. We demonstrate how we use this concept to sense displacements, temperature thresholds, and fluid levels. We will show that RFID-tag-antenna-based sensing has the potential to revolutionize application domains in which there is a need for low-cost, long-lasting, ubiquitous sensors.

2010-09-01T00:00:00Z Datta, Shoumen https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62251 2025-02-28T18:27:29Z 2011-04-20T00:00:00Z

BEING DIGITAL - Nostradamus for the Soul Datta, Shoumen Amorphous and near-fictional aggregation of relational applications with social media, networking and ebusiness services. Hypothetical seamless lifestyle scenarios highlight convergence of applications inevitable in the evolution of systems interoperability anchored by global conglomerates which may have the power to build open platforms and host the ecosystem of systems and cloud computing based analytics in order to serve emerging lifestyle attributes where relationship and real-time connections are key demands from customers who are global digital citizens. Nostradamus for the Soul is about BEING DIGITAL. The story consists of multiple converging layers which include daily activities, for example retail, utilities, banking, mobile marketing, health, energy and household paraphernalia. The sum of all or part may represent consumer lifestyle systems in industrialized nations. It is not a mattter of if but when these systems become commonplace and integrated in the fabric of our daily lives. These are, therefore, predictions in the same spirit that Nostradamus predicted the President Barack Obama's Town Hall Meeeting in the offices of Facebook on 20 April 2011. Lifestyle systems includes events today, which will be viewed as a turning point in world history in a manner similar to the first live national television broadcast in the US on September 4, 1951 when President Harry Truman's speech at the Japanese Peace Treaty Conference in San Francisco, California was transmitted. Today we open a new window on Being Digital - fait accompli?

2011-04-20T00:00:00Z Datta, Shoumen https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62217 2025-02-28T18:29:45Z 2011-04-15T00:00:00Z

Energy Self-Sufficiency : Catalyst for Energy Agnostic Global Economy Datta, Shoumen ABSTRACT The concept of eAGE is easy to grasp if one appreciates the analogy of the distributed ability of computing at the hands of any individual who owns an iPad or notebook computer versus the ENIAC which weighed 30 tons. We propose development of energy products which could distribute the ability to manufacture energy in the form of domestic appliances to usher in micro-energy autonomy which may evolve as a segue to eAGE or energy agnostic global economy. Micro-energy autonomy may relieve the volatility linked to the price of fossil fuels, petroleum in particular. We propose to create tools and mechanisms which may not be restricted by intellectual property (IP) rights and disseminate the technology worldwide as a small business innovation. If individuals, households and small businesses are equipped to manufacture non-fossil renewable energy (for example, butanol) which is adequate for their needs (to power appliances and automobiles, lighting, heating, cooling) then we may suffer less from the vagaries currently associated with energy and fossil fuels. Carbon-neutral non-fossil energy sources may also help sustainability by reducing excessive emission of green house gases. A key outcome of microscale energy production capability is a potential paradigm shift where sourcing and distribution of energy is no longer controlled by a few global behemoths or cartels. We propose energy self-sufficiency or microscale energy autonomy as a pragmatic approach to distributed energy production through manufacturing of butanol and related liquid fuels. Microscale energy production may not be a panacea and may not alleviate all the ills we associate with fossil fuels but its impact on the environment may be quite significant. Microscale energy production can serve the global domestic demand of 7+ billion people and pave the way for energy self-sufficiency, albeit, in part. It is possible to implement microscale energy production with tools at hand. The potential of microscale energy production encourages us to remain cautiously optimistic about the scalability of the process which may eventually unleash macro-scale manufacturing of non-fossil fuel. The latter may boost an emerging energy agnostic global economy where development and freedom may be free from economic woes due to energy volatility and may no longer held hostage by the availability of energy resources or the threat of environmental embargo.

2011-04-15T00:00:00Z Sarma, Sanjay Emani Mickle, Marlin H. McFarlane, Duncan Cole, Peter Engels, Daniel W. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/60055 2022-09-28T12:19:11Z 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z

Guest editorial special section on RFID Sarma, Sanjay Emani; Mickle, Marlin H.; McFarlane, Duncan; Cole, Peter; Engels, Daniel W. The eight articles in this special section describe state-of-the-art technologies and tools and one application of RFID.

2009-01-01T00:00:00Z Datta, Shoumen https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59804 2025-02-28T18:28:21Z 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z

Energy 2050: Bio-inspired Renewable Non-Fossil Liquid Fuel Datta, Shoumen We propose an intelligent Energy Transparency model and a bio-inspired hypothetical mechanical mitochondria to optimize energy efficiency. iET seeks learning algorithms to build intelligence in order to pursue carbon-based savings. Unlike inGrid and its long term impact, an intelligent Energy Transparency (iET) portal may yield value within a short term. Profits from energy efficiency may not materialize without implementing the tools. Without quantitative analysis, policy provides poor guidance. With the help of analytics, policy issues may be formalized and aid the development of future intelligent systems. Development of data driven decision criteria and tools to interface with inGrid may in turn influence the evolution of the mitochondria. Building artificial neural networks (ANN) based tools may empower iET mediated pattern analysis for decision support. Non-vegetation related manufacture of glucose may emerge as a lucrative future line of business with further advances in metabolic engineering [18]. Nano chloroplast aided glucose-on-a-chip production may change the physical state of electricity from solar energy to the chemical state (chemical bonds). It may enable storage and transmission with minimal loss. This bio-inspired in vitro photosynthetic nano-chip may emerge as a disruptive innovation in solar energy capture and distribution. Hence, glucose, in some form or the other, may be essential as a carbon source for metabolically bio-engineered bacteria to produce non-fossil renewable liquid fuel for the future as we approach the fossil fuel depleted post-2050 era. Convergence of knowledge from the principles of transcriptional regulation in biology and medicine is enabling metabolic engineering in yeast and microorganisms to unleash the vast potential of manufacturing non-fossil renewable liquid bio-fuel. Fusion-fission (FuFi) and the hydrogen economy may not eliminate the need for liquid fuel in the post-2050 era when what could be left from the halcyon days of petroleum may be found only at the bottom of the barrel.

2011-01-01T00:00:00Z Ho, Stephen S. Sarma, Sanjay Emani https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59389 2022-10-03T11:14:27Z 2009-09-01T00:00:00Z

The fragmented warehouse: Location assignment for multi-item picking Ho, Stephen S.; Sarma, Sanjay Emani Warehouse operations typically aggregate identical stock keeping units (SKU) into the same storage bin for easier bookkeeping and organizing of goods. With the emergence of automatic identification and tracking technologies like RFID, free-form storage of goods becomes a viable alternative. We consider the strategy of storing identical copies of an SKU in a fragmented manner and evaluate the operational characteristics that benefit from fragmented storage. Fragmented storage of identical SKUs creates a greater number of feasible picklist opportunities - with greater choice, greater optimization follows. We present an abstract warehouse model to evaluate the location assignment problem in warehouse systems. Specifically, we investigate picking operations that retrieve multiple items during a warehouse pass. We provide an analytical result for operations using a 'hybrid-cost' cost metric, and a brute force analysis for operations using the more common 'maximum-cost' picking metric. We show that fragmentation is more favorable when the number of copies picked for each SKU is small.

2009-09-01T00:00:00Z Datta, Shoumen https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/58972 2025-02-28T18:28:21Z 2010-12-15T00:00:00Z

Future Healthcare Datta, Shoumen Patients want answers, not numbers. Evidence-based medicine must have numbers to generate answers. Therefore, analysis of numbers to provide answers is the Holy Grail of healthcare professionals and its future systems. Lack of action due to paralysis from analysis of risk associated with the complexities in healthcare is no longer acceptable in view of spiraling costs. Generating data without improving the quality of healthcare service and extracting its value for business benefits will not provide the return on investment (ROI). Distributed data and their relationships are dispersed in multiple network of systems or system of systems (SOS). The role of data analysis is central. The comatose stage of the Information Age due to data overload and information overdose is predicting its demise unless new ideas emerge as its savior. The imminent death of the information age makes it imperative to better understand the systems age. The single most important system that deserves our attention in the twenty-first century is the healthcare ecosystem. The convergence of characteristics such as enterprise, innovation, research, and entrepreneurship (EIRE), often common in organizations with foresight in parallel with the vision to drive convergence of biomedical sciences, engineering, and information communication technologies, may act as the purveyor to advance healthcare for the progress of civilization. Contents Introduction Problem Space Background Existing EMR Data and Information Wireless Monitoring Molecular Semantics Auxiliary Space Potential for Growth Back to Basics Conclusion Acknowledgment References

2010-12-15T00:00:00Z DATTA, SHOUMEN https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/57508 2025-02-28T18:28:20Z 2008-05-01T00:00:00Z

AUTO ID FUTURE - FREQUENCY AGNOSTIC DATTA, SHOUMEN Identification of information is one key to the development of intelligent decision systems of the future. Frequency agnostic automatic identification is only one step in the physical world to make physical objects identify themselves on the internet of things. Identification of information is one key to the development of intelligent decision systems of the future. Frequency agnostic automatic identification is only one step in the physical world to make physical objects identify themselves on the internet of things.

2008-05-01T00:00:00Z Datta, Shoumen https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/56251 2025-02-28T18:28:21Z 2006-10-01T00:00:00Z

Charlie's Skypeout Strategy Datta, Shoumen One view of the future of decision systems that hints how combinatorial convergence of tools, technologies, concepts and ideas may catalyse innovation in order to make better decisions. I have simply assembled them in the context of various decision systems that may be applicable to processes used in business, government, manufacturing, defense, healthcare, security, logistics, services, finance, supply chain, customs operations and related pursuits. The possibility of iPhone and nano-philanthropy as a disruptive innovation for the non-profit sector is implied in this 2005 article. The possibility of iPhone and nano-philanthropy (as a disruptive innovation for the non-profit sector) is implied in this 2005 article (iPhone was introduced by Apple on 9 January 2007).

2006-10-01T00:00:00Z Datta, Shoumen https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54837 2025-02-28T18:28:21Z 2010-05-22T18:47:16Z

Innovation: in his ordo est ordinem non servare Datta, Shoumen Suggestions for innovation and change in education.

2010-05-22T18:47:16Z Engels, Daniel W. Cole, Peter McFarlane, Duncan Mickle, Marlin H. Sarma, Sanjay E https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53578 2022-09-26T15:52:33Z 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z

Special Section on RFID Engels, Daniel W.; Cole, Peter; McFarlane, Duncan; Mickle, Marlin H.; Sarma, Sanjay E The eight articles in this special section describe state-of-the-art technologies and tools and one application of RFID.

2009-01-01T00:00:00Z Sarma, Sanjay Emani Floerkemeier, Christian https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/52409 2022-09-28T16:16:44Z 2008-12-01T00:00:00Z

RFIDSim - A physical and logical layer simulation engine for passive RFID Sarma, Sanjay Emani; Floerkemeier, Christian Radio-frequency identification (RFID) poses a number of research challenges, such as interference mitigation, throughput optimization and security over the RF channel. A number of new approaches to address these issues have been proposed recently, but due to the highly integrated nature of passive RFID tags, it is difficult to evaluate them in real-world scenarios. In this paper, we present an RFID simulation engine, RFIDSim, which implements the ISO 18000-6C communication protocol and supports pathloss, fading, backscatter, capture, and tag mobility models. This paper also shows that our implementation of RFIDSim that relies on a discrete event simulator can be used to simulate large populations featuring thousands of RFID tags. RFIDSim also simulates the deep fades that lead to frequent power losses of the battery-less RFID tags by modeling the multipath effects statistically.

2008-12-01T00:00:00Z Floerkemeier, Christian Sarma, Sanjay Emani https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/52383 2022-09-29T08:42:27Z 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z

RFIDSim - A physical and logical layer simulation engine for passive RFID Floerkemeier, Christian; Sarma, Sanjay Emani adio-frequency identification (RFID) poses a number of research challenges, such as interference mitigation, throughput optimization and security over the RF channel. A number of new approaches to address these issues have been proposed recently, but due to the highly integrated nature of passive RFID tags, it is difficult to evaluate them in real-world scenarios. In this paper, we present an RFID simulation engine, RFIDSim, which implements the ISO 18000-6C communication protocol and supports pathloss, fading, backscatter, capture, and tag mobility models. This paper also shows that our implementation of RFIDSim that relies on a discrete event simulator can be used to simulate large populations featuring thousands of RFID tags. RFIDSim also simulates the deep fades that lead to frequent power losses of the battery-less RFID tags by modeling the multipath effects statistically.

2009-01-01T00:00:00Z Sarma, Sanjay Emani Floerkemeier, Christian Bhattacharyya, Rahul https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/52356 2022-09-30T22:44:54Z 2009-05-01T00:00:00Z

Towards Tag Antenna Based Sensing - An RFID Displacement Sensor Sarma, Sanjay Emani; Floerkemeier, Christian; Bhattacharyya, Rahul The following topics are dealt with: tag circuits; measurement method; simulation method; health care; protocol; sensors; open source RFID software; privacy; security; reader design; antenna; propagation; near-field electromagnetic ranging.

2009-05-01T00:00:00Z Datta, Shoumen https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41919 2025-02-28T18:27:29Z 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z

Why Supply Chain Datta, Shoumen Why supply chain explains the importance of supply chains. It includes an introduction to ERP as designed by SAP. Introductory tutorial to supply chain & ERP.

2000-01-01T00:00:00Z Datta, Shoumen Lyu, JrJung Ping-Shun, Chen https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41917 2025-02-28T18:29:45Z 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z

Decision Support and Systems Interoperability in Global Business Management Datta, Shoumen; Lyu, JrJung; Ping-Shun, Chen Globalization of business and volatility of financial markets has catapulted ‘cycle-time’ as a key indicator of operational efficiency in business processes. Systems automation holds the promise to augment the ability of business and healthcare networks to rapidly adapt to changes or respond, with minimal human intervention, under ideal conditions. Currently, system of systems (SOS) or organization of networks contribute minimally in making decisions because collaboration remains elusive due the challenges of complexity. Convergence and maturity of research offers the potential for a paradigm shift in interoperability. This paper explores some of these trends and related technologies. Irrespective of the characteristics of information systems, the development of various industry-contributed ontologies for knowledge and decision layers, may spur self-organizing SOS to increase the ability to sense and respond. Profitability from pervasive use of ontological frameworks and agent-based modeling may depend on the ability to use them through better enterprise and extraprise exchange. Development of ontologies that represent the knowledge of the problem space may facilitate use of agent systems within the semantic web infrastructure. Supply chain operations involving buyers and sellers separated by geography and political boundaries must waddle through a host of process intermediaries (finance, logistics, compliance, security) yet reduce cycle times to boost efficiency and hence profitability. New approaches, especially the emergence of unified identification, web services and SOA, taken together with agents and the semantic web offers opportunities for interoperability in business, finance, healthcare and security.

2007-01-01T00:00:00Z Datta, Shoumen https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41915 2025-02-28T18:29:45Z 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z

RFID: An Incomplete Saga Datta, Shoumen Basic introduction to automatic identification and enterprise resource planning software (SAP). RFID and ERP Tutorial plus Auto ID guide.

2000-01-01T00:00:00Z Datta, Shoumen https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41914 2025-02-28T18:29:46Z 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z

Agents: Where Artificial Intelligence Meets Natural Stupidity Datta, Shoumen This is a summary of Agents research and its potential for applications in multiple fields. Agents Tutorial 101

2002-01-01T00:00:00Z Datta, Shoumen https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41912 2025-02-28T18:27:29Z 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z

Risk in the Global Supply Chain Datta, Shoumen Carbon footprints are not on the priority list of risk analysts in operations management for at least half or more of global businesses. What are the other risks in the global supply chain? Risk analysis is evolving as pervasive a force as ubiquitous computing - not quite there yet but soon will be. What are the tools that may aid and improve risk analytics?

2006-01-01T00:00:00Z Datta, Shoumen https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41907 2025-02-28T18:29:45Z 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z

ADAPTER, OPTIMISER, PRÉVOIR: La convergence des concepts, des outils, des technologies et des normes peut-elle accélérer l’innovation ? Datta, Shoumen Les outils et procédés permettant de réduire les insuffisances de la chaîne logistique sont très précieux. La capacité à s’adapter peut en effet ne pas dépendre de la seule technologie mais d’une perpétuelle aptitude à l’innovation des processus dans la gestion de la Supply Chain. Pour cela, les dirigeants doivent être capables d’imaginer l’utilisation combinée de différents concepts, outils et technologies pour réduire les insuffisances, les incertitudes, et l’asymétrie de l’information dans le réseau de valeur. Cet article propose de combiner différentes idées dans un esprit d’approche « solutions » visant à améliorer les décisions.

2004-01-01T00:00:00Z Datta, Shoumen Granger, C W J Barari, M Gibbs, T https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41906 2025-02-28T18:28:21Z 2007-05-23T00:00:00Z

Management of supply chain: an alternative modelling technique for forecasting Datta, Shoumen; Granger, C W J; Barari, M; Gibbs, T Forecasting is a necessity almost in any operation. However, the tools of forecasting are still primitive in view of the great strides made by research and the increasing abundance of data made possible by automatic identification technologies, such as radio frequency identification (RFID). The relationship of various parameters that may change and impact decisions are so abundant that any credible attempt to drive meaningful associations are in demand to deliver the value from acquired data. This paper proposes some modifications to adapt an advanced forecasting technique (GARCH) with the aim to develop it as a decision support tool applicable to a wide variety of operations including supply chain management (SCM). We have made an attempt to coalesce a few different ideas toward a ‘solutions’ approach aimed to model volatility and in the process, perhaps, better manage risk. It is possible that industry, governments, corporations, businesses, security organizations, consulting firms and academics with deep knowledge in one or more fields, may spend the next few decades striving to synthesize one or more models of effective modus operandi to combine these ideas with other emerging concepts, tools, technologies and standards to collectively better understand, analyse and respond to uncertainty. However, the inclination to reject deep-rooted ideas based on inconclusive results from pilot projects is a detrimental trend and begs to ask the question whether one can aspire to build an elephant using mouse as a model. The tools of forecasting (software) in general business use are still primitive in view of the strides made by research. Hence, promoting advances in forecasting to aid predictive analytics is deemed a worthwhile endeavour and is the purpose of this paper. Such tools may further reduce uncertainty and volatility characteristic of global trade. The relationship of various business parameters that may change and impact decisions are so abundant that any credible attempt to drive meaningful associations are in demand by global businesses. This paper proposes some modifications to adapt an already advanced forecasting technique (GARCH) with the aim to develop it as a decision support tool applicable to a wide variety of operations including supply chain management.

2007-05-23T00:00:00Z Datta, Shoumen https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41902 2025-02-28T18:27:29Z 2008-07-31T11:14:48Z

Unified Theory of Relativistic Identification of Information in a Systems Age: Proposed Convergence of Unique Identification with Syntax and Semantics through Internet Protocol version 6 Datta, Shoumen This paper proposes to utilize internet protocol version six (IPv6) to uniquely identify not only things (objects) but also processes, relationships (syntax, semantics) and interfaces (sensors). Convergence of identification with information using the 128-bit IPv6 structure offers 3.4x1038 unique instances. It is not necessary that all instances must be connected to the internet or routed or transmitted simply because an IP addressing scheme is suggested. This is a structure for identification which (1) may improve revenue potential from data routing (P2P packet tracking) for telecommunication industries, (2) potential use in healthcare and in biomedical sciences, (3) scope of use in the semantic web structure by transitioning URIs used in RDF, (4) applications involving thousands of mobile ad hoc sensors (MANET) that demand dynamic adaptive auto-reconfiguration. This paper offers clues for innovation based on a confluence of ideas that may augment systems interoperability necessary for operational transparency in a global economy. Data (bits) from unique identification of objects or things (atoms) are often helpful to the decision making process. Decisions, however, are often based on information that takes into account multiple factors. Physical objects and their unique identification may be one of many factors, as is the internet of things, from the perspective of a systems approach. Real-world decisions are often based on collective information gathered from multiple sources (or systems) that includes data (bits) about “things” (atoms) and processes associated with “things” which may be used in combination with a higher level domain that may eventually trigger a decision or execute an action, aided or unaided by a human. Currently, we do not have a globally unique mechanism to identify information derived from data originating from things (objects) and processes. Unique identification of information, hence, is an open question. However, information, to be of value, must be relative to the context of the process. In general, contextual information is of greater relevance in the decision making process or in decision systems (decisionable information). A globally acceptable system for unique identification of decisions may offer obvious benefits. This paper explores one such route by using the vast number of unique addressing capability of IPv6.

2008-07-31T11:14:48Z Brock, David Lawrence https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14814 2022-01-13T07:54:36Z 1987-01-01T00:00:00Z

Enhancing the dexterity of a robot hand using controlled slip Brock, David Lawrence Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1987.; Bibliography: leaves 107-109.

1987-01-01T00:00:00Z Eberman, Brian Brock, David L. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/6561 2019-04-12T08:31:28Z 1991-01-01T00:00:00Z

Line Kinematics for Whole-Arm Manipulation Eberman, Brian; Brock, David L. A Whole-Arm Manipulator uses every surface to both sense and interact with the environment. To facilitate the analysis and control of a Whole-Arm Manipulator, line geometry is used to describe the location and trajectory of the links. Applications of line kinematics are described and implemented on the MIT Whole-Arm Manipulator (WAM-1).

1991-01-01T00:00:00Z